Efficient and environmentally friendly conversion of light energy for direct utilization in chemical production has been a long-standing goal in enzyme design.

RNA silencing relies on specific and efficient processing of double-stranded RNA by Dicer, which yields microRNAs (miRNAs) and small interfering RNAs (siRNAs).

Drought tolerance is important for grain crops, including rice (Oryza sativa); for example, rice cultivated under intermittent irrigation produces less methane gas compared to rice grown in anaerobic paddy field conditions, but these plants require greater drought tolerance.

Cucurbitacins and volatile compounds of cucumber fruit of 69 genotypes were profiled. Cucurbitacin C was only detected, while other types were not detected. Distinct genotype traits were classified into four groups based on compound profiles. Volatile compounds in F1 hybrids were lower than those in parents and mid-parents.

As basic units of neural networks, ensembles of synapses underlie cognitive functions such as learning and memory. These synaptic engrams show elevated synaptic density among engram cells following contextual fear memory formation.

Decellularized extracellular matrix scaffold, widely utilized for organ engineering, often undergoes matrix decomposition after transplantation and produces byproducts that cause inflammation, leading to clinical failure.

Mitochondrial fission and donut formation increase during osteoblast maturation. Fragmented mitochondria and MDVs are secreted extracellularly during osteogenesis. Increasing mitochondrial fission through OPA1 downregulation enhances osteogenesis. Treatment of osteoblast-secreted mitochondria accelerates bone regeneration.

Nanoparticles are primarily taken up by immune cells after systemic administration. Thus, they are considered an ideal drug delivery vehicle for immunomodulation.

Biomolecular condensates participate in diverse cellular processes, ranging from gene regulation to stress survival. Bottom-up engineering of synthetic condensates advances our understanding of the organizing principle of condensates

The possible relation between antibiotic exposure and the alteration of gut microbiota, which may affect dementia risk, has been revealed. However, the association between antibiotics and dementia incidence has rarely been studied.

False duplications in genome assemblies lead to false biological conclusions. We quantified false duplications in popularly used previous genome assemblies for platypus, zebra finch, and Anna’s Hummingbird, and their new counterparts of the same species generated by the Vertebrate Genomes Project, of which the Vertebrate Genomes Project pipeline attempted to eliminate false duplications through haplotype phasing and purging.

A great number of butterfly species in the warmer climate have evolved to exhibit fascinating optical properties on their wing scales which can both regulate the wing temperature and exhibit structural coloring in order to increase their chances of survival.